Beijing Municipal Civilized Behavior Promotion Regulations in the second trial "wearing a mask for influenza" written into the law
Using rule of law to solve outstanding problems in moral field
□ Our reporter Han Dandong
□ Lin Yinting, an intern in this newspaper
Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing in public places, wear masks when you have influenza and other infectious respiratory diseases, implement a meal sharing system, use public chopsticks and public spoons ... On March 26, the Standing Committee of the 15th Beijing Municipal People's Congress The twentieth meeting of the Association submitted a second review to the "Regulations on the Promotion of Civilized Behavior in Beijing (Draft)" (hereinafter referred to as the second draft of the draft). The second draft of the draft combined with the prevention and control of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, and added the provisions for corresponding civilized behavior.
Wearing a mask, sharing meals, and consciously maintaining social distance are the basic requirements for epidemic prevention and control, and are also civilized norms that citizens should abide by. In this context, Beijing has written "wearing a mask for influenza" into the law, which has aroused widespread concern in the society.
In fact, uncivilized behavior in society is not uncommon. Experts interviewed by reporters from the Legal Daily believe that the advancement of civilized behavior is a systematic project, with obvious difficulties and long-term nature. It must be advanced and guided step by step.
Guide to promote civilized behavior
Develop good hygiene habits
According to Sun Li, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress Legal Committee, the second draft of the draft added requirements for civilized behaviors related to epidemic prevention and control, including "covering the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing in public places, and suffering from influenza and other infections. Wear masks for sexual respiratory diseases "" Infectious disease patients cooperate with relevant inspections, isolation treatment and other measures, truthfully provide relevant information "" Do not overeat wild animals, do not illegally trade wild animals and their products "" No rumors, no rumors, no transmission "Rumors" "meal sharing system, using public chopsticks and public spoons" "cooperate with various emergency measures in case of emergencies" and other contents.
In this regard, Yang Jianshun, a professor at the School of Law of Renmin University of China, believes that on the basis of the original focus on the management of 24 uncivilized behaviors, the second draft of the draft has increased the requirements for civilized behaviors related to epidemic prevention and control, reflecting the legislator ’s Emphasis on the lessons learned in the process of epidemic prevention and control.
Zheng Ning, director of the Law Department of the Cultural Industry Management School of Communication University of China, told the Legal Daily that the Fourth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Party proposed to adhere to the rule of law and the rule of virtue, and improve the legal policy system that promotes the core values of socialism. Integrate the requirements of socialist core values into the rule of law and social governance. The purpose of formulating regulations for the promotion of civilized behavior is to transform the core values of socialism into legal norms and use legal means to solve outstanding problems in the moral field.
"The second review of the draft timely incorporates the civilized behavior requirements related to epidemic prevention and control, which is conducive to promoting the formation of a civilized and healthy lifestyle." Zheng Ning said.
On April 2, the "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Civilization Regulations Amendment (Draft)" was publicly solicited for opinions on the website of the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee. Combined with the experience in the prevention and control of the epidemic, the "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Civilization Regulations Amendment (Draft)" also mentioned that the citizens should abide by a civilized behavior code-when suffering from infectious diseases, take effective measures to prevent infection others.
“Covering the nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing in public places is a basic, common-sense and civilized behavior. In the context of fighting the outbreak of New Coronary Pneumonia, wearing a mask should become an obligation. Even if infectious respiratory diseases such as general influenza occur, As far as possible to avoid droplet infection, you should also stipulate the wearing of masks, which is not only an effective protective measure to avoid the harmfulness of infectious respiratory diseases, but also a manifestation of civilized literacy. "Yang Jianshun said.
Yang Jianshun said that in the form of regulations, a set of measures clearly defined by the Infectious Disease Prevention Law and the Emergency Response Law shall be guaranteed, and the specific implementation will be strengthened. It will play an important role in promoting civilized behavior and thereby blocking the spread of infectious respiratory diseases. Legal support.
Multi-regional regulations are difficult to implement
System building is especially critical
In fact, in recent years, various regulations on civilized behaviors have been formulated successively, but these regulations often only stay at the level of regulations, and many uncivilized behaviors still exist.
An interview with the Legal Daily found that during the epidemic prevention and control, the most intuitive and uncivilized behavior was to go out without wearing a mask, and some people even spit.
Yang Jianshun believes that there are such civilized codes of conduct in various parts of the country, but many places have failed to implement the regulations and implement them in detail. Civilized behaviors such as "meal sharing system, using public chopsticks and public spoons", although people can recognize the benefits, are often limited by traditional habits and it is difficult to turn them into actions.
"From a practical point of view, it is difficult to reduce or eliminate uncivilized behavior. In some places, the rules of civilized code of conduct are difficult to implement in practice. There may be two reasons. One is that the legislation itself is too idealistic. The content is difficult to achieve scientific and reasonable and effective; second, because civilized behavior itself has not become a habit of people, and it is difficult to use corresponding punishment or coercive measures as a guarantee. "Yang Jianshun said.
Zheng Ning analyzed that the civilized code of conduct in some places is difficult to implement, mainly because the reward and punishment mechanism is unreasonable. "The regulations do not set rigid legal responsibilities for some uncivilized behaviors, and there is no supporting system to encourage civilized behaviors, which leads to regulations flowing into formalities. Therefore, incentive mechanisms should be set up reasonably, to encourage civilized behaviors, and to encourage uncivilized behaviors. Expose it, or include it in your credit file. "
Yang Jianshun also suggested that relevant systems should be established to regulate various types of uncivilized behaviors, and to commend various types of civilized behaviors, so that civilized behaviors gradually become a habit of people.
"It is appropriate to take this new coronary pneumonia epidemic prevention and control as an important opportunity to pay close attention to the promotion and promotion of many civilized behaviors related to epidemic prevention and control. At the same time, we must also realize that the promotion of civilized behaviors is a systematic project with obvious difficulties. Sex and long-term, we must advance and guide step by step. "Yang Jianshun said.
Civilization literacy needs to be improved
Standard education still needs to be strengthened
In addition to uncivilized phenomena such as not wearing masks and spitting during the epidemic prevention and control period, other uncivilized behaviors in society are not uncommon.
Mr. Zhang, a Didi driver from Hunan Province, once vomited to the "Legal Daily" reporter. When he was driving at night, he occasionally encountered drunk passengers. After vomiting in the back seat, he turned a blind eye to the vomit. Some passengers will stick gum under the seat, it is difficult to clean up.
Yang Jianshun said: "Uncivilized behaviors are indeed very common in daily life. The results of the Beijing Social Survey on Promoting Civilized Behaviors show that 6 types of civilized behaviors, such as courageous behavior, civilized travel, civilized life, health care, voluntary service, and philanthropy, are most recognized by citizens. The opposite of these six types of civilized behavior may be the six aspects that need to be regulated urgently. Behaviors such as parking bicycles and parking randomly are considered by the citizens to be the most uncivilized, so such behaviors need to be regulated urgently. "
Zheng Ning believes that car rudeness to pedestrians is also a common uncivilized phenomenon. In this regard, we can learn from the experience of Hangzhou and call on buses and taxis to take the lead in courtesy of pedestrians, and electronic police to capture vehicles that are not courteous, so as to form a good social atmosphere. In addition, civilized behaviors should be widely publicized, set an example in society, and create a civilized atmosphere. Some uncivilized acts that have constituted violations of the law should be punished in accordance with the law.
Yang Jianshun said that to standardize uncivilized behavior, we must make judgments based on classification studies. To regulate the uncivilized behavior of not covering the nose and mouth, and not wearing a mask, we should focus on propaganda and education, explain the harmfulness well, understand the truth, move the emotions, and strengthen guidance and demonstration.
"Implementing measures to promote civilized behaviors should not only emphasize individual compliance with relevant regulations and continuously improve personal cultivation, but also focus on constructing and improving corresponding procedures and standards, and further specify affirmative (should do) and negative (no Matters that should be done) enable people to implement civilized behavior smoothly and effectively in accordance with the corresponding regulations. "Yang Jianshun said.