[The ancients have addictions] Half a life of prosperous life, half a life of sadness, he has become the most envious look

　　Chinanews Client, Beijing, October 30th. [Ancient people have addiction]

　　Author: Yuan show on

　　Zhang Dai may be one of the ancients who fits "the ancients are addicted" because his hobbies are so extensive.

　　But it is not easy to introduce him. There are many people who like him.

Some writers once said: "If you were born in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, you will only marry Zhang Dai." It can be seen that Zhang Dai's magic is great.

　　Zhang Dai lived in the Ming and Qing dynasties with the name Zongzi and Tao'an. People who are not familiar with him can recall the text "Watching Snow in the Lake Heart Pavilion" in middle school.

　　"In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in West Lake for the rest. Three days of heavy snowfall, the sound of people and birds in the lake was exquisite. The day was more fixed, and I took a small boat, carried a velvet fire, and went to the pavilion to watch the snow alone... "

　　This essay comes from Zhang Dai's "Tao An Dream Recollection". Most of the records in this book are what Zhang Dai has seen and heard. It has both the prosperous market style, strange people and strange things, elegant and elegant interests, even if modern people read it. Can't help being dazzled and yearning.

　　However, this book is not a record of the present, but a memoir.

When "Tao'an Dream Recollection" was written, the Ming Dynasty was dead and Zhang Dai was over half a hundred years old. All the aforementioned things have become the past.

As he said in his preface: "Prosperous and magnificent, all eyes are empty, for fifty years, it has become a dream."

　　Zhang Dai was born in the family of government officials for many generations. The great ancestor Zhang Tianfu was a scholar in the Jiajing period, and his great ancestor Zhang Yuanyu was the number one scholar in high school. His grandfather Zhang Rulin was a scholar in the Wanli period, and he was regarded as a distinguished scholar in his family.

In the generation of Zhang Dai's father, he no longer blindly pursues fame, but instead advocates a life of enjoyment, obsessed with gardens and music for advocacy-this is also a typical characteristic of the scholar class in the late Ming Dynasty.

　　Growing up in such an environment, Zhang Dai not only learned poems and books, had a high artistic taste, but was also very proficient in "eating, drinking and playing."

In his later years, he wrote "The Epitaph of Oneself". At the beginning, he introduced himself as "less a dude, and loves prosperity very much".

　　How dude is there?

Let’s look at his hobbies-good fresh clothes, good food, good horses, good lanterns, good fireworks, good pear garden, good advocacy, good antiques, good flowers and birds, both tea and tangerine abuse, bookworms, poetry...

Drawing: Lei Yuzhu

　　Moreover, Zhang Dai's hobby is not just tasting, but deep research.

For example, tasting tea. He is an expert in this area. It is said that he only needs to smell tea with his nose and taste with his mouth to know the type of tea.

　　"Tao An Dream Recollection" records that once he made a special trip to Nanjing to visit the tea ceremony master Min Wenshui. Seeing that Zhang Dai was full of sincerity, Mr. Min made tea for him himself.

Zhang Dai asked, where does the tea come from?

Elder Min wanted to test him, saying it was Langyuan tea.

Unexpectedly, Zhang Dai took a sip and exposed his lie. Although this tea is made by Langyuan tea, the taste is not.

He took another sip and tasted Luo Kai tea, which made Min Lao amazed again and again.

　　Zhang Dai also participates in making tea himself. There is a tea in his hometown Shaoxing called Rizhu Xueya, which was once famous.

However, in the late Ming Dynasty, the Usnea tea produced in Anhui was forced to cast snow buds due to its advanced production technology.

Zhang Dai was not reconciled to the decline of this tea, so he used the craftsmanship of Usnea tea to improve Rizhu Xue Bu, and finally made Lan Xue tea, which is very popular in the market.

　　Zhang Dai is also very accomplished in opera.

In the late Ming Dynasty, many scholar-official families had family theater troupes, and the Zhang family was no exception. Zhang Dai's grandfather's generation began to raise voice actors (artists performing opera).

　　There is an interesting story in "Tao An Dream Recollection". Because of Zhang Dai's high level of appreciation, he has instructed many people to act. The actors call Zhang Dai's home "Guo Jianmen".

Once Zhang Dai went to the theater to watch a play and happened to meet a few old actors of his family. Seeing Zhang Dai there, they didn't dare to be careless, and they were stunned by the "different expression" of the opera.

Drawing: Lei Yuzhu

　　Zhang Dai is not only good at appreciating, but also good at performing operas, even the creation and adaptation of operas.

Tens of thousands of people came to watch his adaptation of "A Tale of the Iceberg", lining up from the stage to the gate.

　　Due to many hobbies, Zhang Dai has joined various societies, such as the Silk Club that plays the piano, the Feng Club that writes poems, the History Reading Club that reads history, and the gimmick club that uses humor as the content.

　　In his twenties, Zhang Dai was obsessed with cockfighting. Not only did he set up a cockfighting club with his friends, he also wrote an article "Cockfighting" following Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty.

His friends often bring antiques, paintings and calligraphy to him to bet on winning or losing, but Zhang Dai wins every time.

In order to win, a friend even installed metal claws on the chicken and strengthened the feathers. Whether all the methods were used or lost, Zhang Dai was upset.

However, once he read a piece of unspoken history, it was said that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was born in the Youyue year of Youyue and died because of his love for cock fighting.

He thought that he was also born in Youyue Year, so he suddenly woke up and gave up this habit.

Drawing: Lei Yuzhu

　　Zhang Dai is also very keen on traveling, but unlike others who like nature's landscapes, Zhang Dai prefers Hangzhou, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing and other metropolitan cities. His "Tao An Dream Recollection" and "West Lake Dream Search" are mostly cities. Life, so he is also called "urban literati".

　　Even when looking at the scenery, Zhang Dai pays more attention to the people in the scenery.

This has something to do with his personality, he is good at socializing, has a great popularity, and has friends from all walks of life.

As he wrote in the article "Memorial to Zhou Jian Bo Wen":

　　"Yu Du invites the blessedness of heaven. Everyone who meets in his life has many confidants... In Yu Hao's poems, Wang Yuan, Wang Baiyue, and Zhang Yiru are poetry confidants. For Yu Hao calligraphy and painting, Chen Zhanghou and Yao Jianshu are calligraphy and painting confidants. Yu Hao. In the lyrics, Yuan Jingan and Qi Zhixiang are confidants of Qu studies. Yu Hao writes history, and Huang Shizhai and Li Yanzhai are historians. Yu Hao participates in Zen, and Qi Wenzai and virtuous monk are Zen confidants."

　　It is not accidental that there are so many confidants in his life. Zhang Dai also respects his friends very much. The most important thing is that he regards his morality as the criterion for making friends, does not have narrow prejudices, and treats artisans and actors equally.

Drawing: Lei Yuzhu

　　There is a famous saying by Zhang Dai, which is regarded by many people as a standard-"People who are not addicted can not be with each other, because they are not affectionate; people are without faults and cannot be friends, because they have no true spirit."

　　The famous actress Xia Rukai is Zhang Dai's friend. He thinks Zhang Dai is reliable, so he takes his parents and younger siblings to join him.

Unexpectedly, half a year later, Xia Rukai's father died, and Zhang Dai pawned a piece of clothing to bury his father.

Soon, Xia Rukai himself unfortunately died of a serious illness. Before his death, he pawned his younger sister forty-two to Zhang Dai.

Out of friendship with Xia Ru, Zhang Dai wrote off the two sums of silver he owed, prepared a grain package, and sent his mother and younger siblings back to their hometown.

　　Although Zhang Dai had no achievements in his official career before the age of fifty, he also lived well and freely.

But after the age of fifty, the mountains and rivers were turbulent and the world changed hands. Zhang Dai also lost his family wealth, avoided chaos in the mountains, suffered poverty in life and suffered mentally.

Drawing: Lei Yuzhu

　　He wrote in "The Epitaph of Oneself":

　　"At the age of fifty, the country will be ruined, the family will be destroyed, and the mountains will be avoided. The survivors will have broken beds, broken tripods, sick pianos, and broken books, but lack of inkstone. Common vegetables and ranunculus are often broken. Looking back twenty years Before, it was like a lifetime."

　　When he was hungry, Zhang Dai wrote articles to express his sadness, most of which were the past, such as "Tao An Dream Memory", "West Lake Dream Search" and "Langhuan Collection". The essays are fascinating.

Zhang Dai is very knowledgeable and has also written an encyclopedia book "Night Sailing".

In terms of learning, he also has his own pursuit, and spent many years writing the "Book of Stone Chambers".

　　But when writing his memories, Zhang Dai neither boasted nor sold miserables, but narrated in a self-deprecating and ridiculous tone.

Prosperity and extravagance didn't realize he was showing off, but after laughing, he felt sad for him.

　　Thinking about it, it’s most appropriate to use the words and sentences in his article to describe it, "Don’t say that you are foolish, and even more foolish like you." (End)