China News Service, Beijing, July 18 (Reporter Ying Ni) Song Xinchao, deputy director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, revealed on the 18th that as of July 16, there were more than 500 immovable cultural relics in 11 provinces including Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan and Sichuan due to floods Losses have occurred to varying degrees, including 76 key cultural relics protection units nationwide and 187 provincial cultural relics protection units. He bluntly said that this year's flood season, the damaged cultural relics have a wide range, a large number, and large losses. This is the most serious year in the flood season.

  Why are ancient bridges and ancient city walls repeatedly damaged?

  According to reports, damage to cultural relics in the Yangtze River Basin is relatively serious, including 160 in Jiangxi, 144 in Anhui, 62 in Hunan, 41 in Sichuan, 35 in Guangxi, and 31 in Hubei. Among the damaged cultural relics, ancient bridges were washed away, ancient city walls collapsed, and cultural relics and houses collapsed more seriously. A total of more than 70 bridges were damaged in 11 provinces, including the national key cultural relics protection unit Anhui Huangshan Tunxi Town Haiqiao, Sichuan Aba Red Army Long March relics Daweihui Bridge and Jiangxi Wuyuan Tsinghua Rainbow Bridge, etc. were destroyed; national key cultural relic protection units Part of the city wall collapsed in Xiangyang, Hubei; the former residence of Li Zongren, a national key cultural relics protection unit, Guilin, Guangxi, Wulong Palace, Wudang Mountain, Hubei, Shiyan, Hubei, and the provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, Loudi Zhujia Courtyard, Hunan. At present, the flood situation in some provinces continues, and the security situation of cultural relics in flood control is very grim.

  Song Xinchao pointed out that ancient cultural relics are particularly vulnerable in the face of severe natural geological disasters. On the one hand, the cultural relics themselves are weak in disaster prevention and resilience. Ancient bridges, ancient city walls, ancient residential buildings and other cultural relics have a long history, just like the historical "old man". They have been affected by natural environment erosion and human activities for thousands of years, and they have weak ability to resist natural geological disasters. In the history, many cultural relics and buildings were destroyed by disasters, or have survived several reconstructions and have been preserved to this day. The Haiqiao Bridge in Tunxi Town, Huangshan, Anhui Province, which was destroyed in such floods, has been repaired and rebuilt many times in history due to flood damage.

  At the same time, our country's cultural relics buildings are mostly wooden frame structures, the main building materials are wood, bricks and tiles, etc., especially some old revolutionary sites, mostly ancestral halls, residential buildings, the building level is not high, easy to be damaged in natural geological disasters. On the other hand, extreme weather increases the pressure on cultural relics safety. The distribution area of ​​cultural relics is complex. Many are located in mountainous areas, rivers, lakes and valleys, and are greatly affected by natural geological disasters.

  As the project leader of "Removable Cultural Relics Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Emergency Disposal Research", Qiao Yunfei, vice president of the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute pointed out that the ancient bridge was built to meet the needs of the natural environment and traffic at that time. However, with the development of society, some local construction activities may fill up river channels that have been interrupted for many years. When the rain is small, these interrupted river channels may have little effect; once they encounter a large flood season, it becomes a flood discharge channel, and the bridges on the river channels are naturally in jeopardy.

  How to ensure the safety of cultural relics to the greatest extent in the future?

  In response to the current flood situation, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage requires all regions to comprehensively investigate possible hazards, rectify potential safety hazards, carefully organize disaster prevention and mitigation work, properly carry out subsequent protection of damaged cultural relics, collect and preserve cultural relics components or parts, and organize cultural relics. Repair and repair to minimize the loss of cultural relics. Distribute 3.5 million yuan in emergency rescue funds for cultural relics to Sichuan, Hubei, Guangxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Chongqing and other provinces with severe cultural relics disasters.

  Song Xinchao admitted that from the current research situation, there is insufficient research on disaster prevention and mitigation technology. The protection of cultural relics and buildings in China’s cultural relics and architectural circles focuses on the architectural pattern, form, and structure. It has not paid enough attention to the role of cultural relics in disaster prevention and disaster prevention, and failed to form a systematic cultural relics disaster prevention concept and technical system. Cultural relics repair China's disaster prevention and mitigation measures lack targeted guidance, and many cultural relics' own disaster prevention and disaster resistance functions have not yet been fully exerted.

  In addition, the overall capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation is not strong. The disaster prevention and mitigation work of some local cultural relics has not received due attention, and the disaster prevention and mitigation of cultural relics has not been included as an important and special content in the local natural geological disaster monitoring and early warning and disaster prevention and mitigation system.

  He also pointed out that in the future, we should further improve the cultural relics disaster prevention and reduction emergency response mechanism, guide local governments to formulate cultural relics disaster prevention and reduction and emergency response plans, improve cultural relics disaster risk monitoring and early warning, risk assessment and judgment, disaster prevention, disaster treatment, information reporting, A series of emergency treatment procedures and measures such as post-disaster repair and restoration will effectively enhance the ability of cultural relics safety emergency treatment. At the same time, the issue of disaster prevention must be considered in the repair of cultural relics. On the premise of not adhering to the principle of not changing the original state of cultural relics and not affecting the safety and environmental features of cultural relics, cultural disaster prevention and disaster relief measures such as building reinforcement, earthquake prevention, seepage prevention, and flood discharge should be considered, designed, and synchronized as the content of cultural relics repair. Synchronous implementation.

  The “Research on Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Emergency Response of Immovable Cultural Relics” declared by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Ministry of Science and Technology has been approved in 2019. Qiao Yunfei introduced that the subject is based on the premise of not interfering with the cultural relics. Around the three natural disasters of floods, winds and earthquakes, the immovable cultural relics of ancient buildings, cave temples and ancient ruins in Sichuan and Shanxi will be selected. Research on risk assessment and emergency response during and after disasters.

  In fact, it is equally important to play the role of cultural relics in disaster prevention. The scientific drainage system of “Nine Dragons Spitting Water” in the Forbidden City in Beijing has kept it from being damaged by water for more than 600 years. Sichuan Dujiangyan itself is a water diversion and sediment discharge project. The perfect urban flood control system, the ancient city of Fuzhou, “Fushougou” was the urban drainage system of the Song Dynasty, and it still plays an important role in flood control and disaster prevention.

  Song Xinchao believes that this organization should carry out a special systematic research, dig deep into some ancient cities, ancient villages and ancient buildings, etc. have their own unique disaster prevention system and disaster resistance function, and give full play to its important role in modern urban and rural disaster prevention and mitigation. (Finish)