Editor's note: "The listed company's executives were accused of sexually assaulting and adopting a girl" incident recently caused uproar. According to media reports, the girl's mother said that she saw posts posted by netizens about adopting female babies on the Internet and contacted the website intermediary through QQ So as to agree to meet with Bao Yuming and negotiate to "feed" her daughter to Bao.

The chaos of illegally adopting and adopting children has also caused heated discussion. A Beijing News reporter survey found that intermediary organizations engaged in adoption and fostering on the Internet “adopted” received money under the banner of “nutrition fee” and “thank you fee”, and even unborn babies were booked. Several tens of thousands to tens of thousands of yuan, and arrange birth certificates and settled.

A reporter from the Beijing News investigated the online and offline interest chains of illegal feeding, and published them in separate articles. This is the first article.

After the event that "executives of listed companies were accused of sexually assaulting daughters" attracted attention, some netizens found that users on Zhihu and other platforms had posted posts about child adoption and adoption. On April 13, Zhihu responded that it was illegal and invalid to sign an adoption agreement without permission. At present, the relevant illegal content on the platform has been fully cleaned up, and the relevant accounts have been permanently sealed.

On April 14, Tencent also issued a statement saying that it recently received reports from users that some people used QQ groups to carry out illegal child criminal activities. Tencent verified the reported information as soon as possible, and after confirmation, the relevant accounts and QQ groups have been suspended.

"Our country's current laws stipulate that the sale of children or the sale of children in the name of adoption is strictly prohibited. Tencent will continue to upgrade its security strategy and severely crack down on the use of QQ or QQ groups for illegal and criminal activities." Tencent said.

An investigation by a reporter from the Beijing News found that it is not difficult for private individuals to adopt and adopt privately. The adopters and adopters are hidden in the online world, repeating a set of mature processes. In their circles, their names are changed to "L" for adoption and "S" for adoption. They each look for suitable objects, and replace prices with words such as "nutrition" and "compensation". After negotiation, offline transactions will be conducted according to the agreed time and place.

"There are four kinds of people in this circle, those who sell children, those who buy children, those who sell documents and scammers." Shangguan Zhengyi, a volunteer kidnapper who has been lurking in the online baby-selling circle for 12 years, told the Beijing News reporter that this is a "one-stop" Services, after the child is sold, need a birth certificate account or the like, so those who sell the certificate are also in the circle, and scammers will play families with children, specializing in those families who are eager to have children.

Shangguan Zhengyi has so far contacted hundreds of adopters. He has been lurking in the group of trading children for a long time to prevent trading. Involved in the detection of many major cases of infant trafficking, including the infant trafficking case in Yiyang, Hunan.

According to a survey by the Beijing News reporter, most of the adopters in the online baby trafficking chain are the biological parents of the children. Most of them were sold by babies who had just been born, and some were pre-sold even before birth. The price of a newborn ranges from tens of thousands to tens of thousands. Many parents who buy and sell children claim that they do not know that they have violated the law.

"The network organizations and laws engaged in adoption and adoption are playing the game, collecting money under the banner of" nutrition fee "and" thank you fee ", walking between legal and illegal adoption, exposing the adoption of children in system construction and policies There are deficiencies in the environment and practical operations. "Zhao Chuanfang, a lecturer at the Social Work Research Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, mentioned.

"Secret words" in adoption and adoption groups

In the middle of December 2019, Zhang Xia (pseudonym) decided to sell the child in her belly. She is 31 years old and is from Shantou, Guangdong. After returning from the field last year, he was preparing to divorce his husband while looking for a buyer for a newborn fetus. "How can I survive with a child alone? I don't want this child." She told the Beijing News reporter.

The buyer was found from a QQ group called "Yuanyuanzhijia Group", which is an online adoption and adoption group. Except for the children, the people in the group do not discuss other news.

The abducted volunteer Shangguan Justice lurks in this QQ group. He told the Beijing News reporter that the owner of the group was secretly observing everyone here, who often did not speak or had a suspicious identity and would be kicked out of the group immediately. In order to avoid tracing, each "love group" will not be used for too long, and the "vest" needs to be replaced frequently. Each time the group is transferred, the group owner will release a new group number in the group.

In this group, each person's name is preceded by a letter, which is the "code word" in the group. Zhang Xia was four months pregnant when she entered the group. The letter in front of her name was "S", which meant "feeding." Most of the "S" in this group are "pre-sales", "you must contact the buyer and negotiate the price before the child is born. After the production, the buyer takes the child away, and both parties pay for the goods and deliver the goods with one hand. "Zhang Xia said.

In addition, there are "L" and "D", which represent "adoption" and "waiting for birth", "waiting for birth" means that the child will be born soon. The child's price is replaced with "compensation", such as "make up 8", which means that the child's price is 80,000 yuan.

The "L" in the group is not a minority. Shangguan Justice Observation found that among them, there are families who have been married for many years without children, elderly parents who have lost their independence, and hope to "seeking" a child and a half through the Internet; and some families only have only children or only children, but Under the influence of the concept, parents who are unable to give birth hope to adopt another child.

As soon as Zhang Xia entered the group, two "L" took the initiative to contact her. She told the Beijing News reporter that the first is a Northeast family, in good condition. But Zhang Xia grew up in the south since she was a child. In her consciousness, the northeast region was in the snow and ice, "I want to freeze bad people", did not agree; the other is a family who lost his independence, the couple is in their 50s, a few years ago The year-old child died unexpectedly. Zhang Xia dismissed the couple as they were too old to take care of her children and refused.

In the group, the adopters and adopters look for suitable objects, and after the transaction is successful, they will automatically leave the group. Zhang Xia had seen it in the group, and it was not long before someone posted a few pictures of newborn babies.

"There are four kinds of people in this circle, those who sell children, those who buy children, those who sell documents, and scammers." Shangguan Zhengyi told the Beijing News reporter that this is a "one-stop" service. After the children are sold, they need a birth certificate. As such, those who sell certificates are also in the circle, and there are scammers who will play families with children, specifically deceiving those who are eager to have children.

In December 2019, a reporter from the Beijing News and abducted volunteer Shangguan Zhengyi pretended to be a buyer and contacted Zhang Xia. Shangguan Justice claimed to be home in the south, and the family conditions were good. Zhang Xia agreed with the interview and agreed to the interview.

"I'm a foster, I don't know if it will break the law"

At two o'clock on the afternoon of December 27, 2019, Zhang Xia, wearing a white coat, appeared at the door of Wanda Shopping Mall in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. She was four months pregnant and her belly was slightly swollen and her figure was fat. She wore a baggy black track pants and crossed a red handbag diagonally, and walked quickly.

Arriving at the agreed location, Zhang Xia hurriedly grabbed a large stack of paper materials from the bag and placed it on the dining table. "This is the Down's screening, it is very important, it is related to whether the child is born a fool. You see, there is no problem."

"Are you sure you want to sell this child?" The kidnapping volunteer Shangguan Zhengyi asked her. Zhang Xia nodded, "60,000, I didn't ask you for more, so the cost of obstetrics and me to eat nutrition would be so much."

In order to convince the reporters and volunteers of the Beijing News that they really wanted to sell their children, Zhang Xia told his story. "My first half of life experienced many things." She said, she divorced from her parents and grew up with her father. In his twenties, he experienced his first failed marriage.

Zhang Xia's ex-husband is from Hunan. When they met, Zhang Xia had just turned 18 years old. One year later, Zhang Xia gave birth to a son. But she soon discovered that this man loves gambling and often does not go home all night until he is penniless. So soon after conceiving the second child, she and the ex-husband agreed to divorce. The ex-husband took away his son, and never appeared again, nor did he come when he gave birth to a daughter. Over the years, she raised her daughter alone.

Until 2019, she met her current husband through a friend's introduction, he is more than ten years old than Zhang Xia, unmarried. The two had known each other for five months and got married.

Zhang Xia said that her husband treats her well, and the intensification of the conflict between the two comes from a debt. Before marriage, Zhang Xia invested a sum of money, and later found out that he was defrauded. Not only did he lose all his deposits, he also owed 200,000 yuan. She asked her husband for help, but the husband was unwilling to pay the money with her.

Because of this, Zhang Xia started to divorce. Thinking of raising two children alone in the future, the pressure was too great and decided to sell.

"Does your husband agree that you sell children?" Shangguan Zhengyi asked. Zhang Xia said: "He didn't want to get married and didn't like children, let me handle it myself."

On October 20, 2019, she returned to Guangzhou on her own. She originally planned to kill the child, but the doctor told her at the time of the obstetric examination that the child already had hands and feet and could still hear the heartbeat and was very healthy. Zhang Xia said, "I want to give him a life."

Shangguan Zhengyi asked, "Will you still want to take the child back after the adoption?" Zhang Xia replied: "It just fell off the body, without raising, there is no emotion. Maybe you will think of him when you are old, but now you will not , Very busy every day. "

Subsequently, reporters and volunteers from the Beijing News showed their identities. Once the scene was out of control, Zhang Xia stood up and grabbed the volunteer's mobile phone, "You took a picture of my material and deleted it! I don't care who you are!" Then she quickly explained that she was not a buyer, but a nurse. I do n’t know if it ’s illegal. "The child is mine, and all you need is nutrition."

"Latent" in the baby trafficking network chain

Zhang Xia is one of the many adopters that Shangguan Justice has contacted. Shangguan Zhengyi has been a volunteer for kidnapping for 12 years. He has been lurking in the group of trading children for a long time to prevent them from trading. He has contacted hundreds of adopters so far. He was a candidate who moved China in 2010 and participated in the detection of many major cases of infant trafficking, including the infant trafficking case in Yiyang, Hunan.

On June 25, 2018, the Heshan Branch of the Public Security Bureau of Yiyang City issued a report saying that a number of media reporters and an abducted volunteer reported to the police handling the case that someone was abducting and selling babies in a hospital in Yiyang. The police rushed to the scene to investigate, and arrested 6 suspects.

Shangguan Zhengyi recalled to the Beijing News reporter that he had been lurking in a baby-selling group as a buyer for two years, and had been paying attention to the dynamics in the group. The owner of the group used children to test Shangguan justice many times. "After contacting them for more than two years, they felt that I was a real buyer, and then they were pulled into a 'big pool' to really get in touch with them." Shangguan Zhengyi said.

The "big pool" is the real trading group. The group owner collected a lot of information about children and pregnant women who were in urgent need of trading. When Shangguan just entered the group, there were already hundreds of people in it.

On June 16, 2018, the group owner sent a message to Shangguan Zhengyi, indicating that there was a healthy newborn baby boy, 60,000 yuan. If you want, you must rush to a hospital in Yiyang, Hunan Province as soon as possible. Then videos of babies and mothers were sent.

Together with Shangguan Zhengyi, the reporter who participated in the case recalled to the Beijing News reporter that in the hospital, they met the group owner and the pregnant woman with a big belly. The next day, Shangguan Zhengyi provided clues to the local police. The police rushed to the scene and captured the leader of the group. Through the contact on her mobile phone, she caught the gang “online”.

"At that time, the police rescued more than a dozen babies. This gang also handled the birth certificate, and the person and the certificate were sold separately. It was the case involving the largest number of children and the worst nature that I participated in." Shangguan Zhengyi said.

But Shangguan Zhengyi said that in the circle of online baby trafficking, the most personal transactions. Many sellers are the children's biological parents, and many, like Zhang Xia, have already negotiated buyers before the child was born.

Zhang Xia's "House of Dreams" group is such a circle. In addition to QQ groups, groups and posts for adoption and adoption have appeared on platforms such as Douban and Tieba.

A reporter from the Beijing News found on multiple online platforms that it was not difficult to find information on "adoption" and "adoption". On April 14, the reporter found two groups on Douban that had posted related posts. One of the groups has more than 700 members, and the content in the group is continuously updated. Some people posted to their sons who are 4 years old or older immediately to find an adoptive family. Others asked "how can we adopt a healthy child". Topic posts for infertile families seeking adoption can also be found on Baidu Post Bar.

On April 13th, Zhihu responded to the issue of child feeding information on the platform, saying that it is illegal and invalid to sign an adoption agreement without permission. At present, the relevant illegal content on the platform has been fully cleaned up, and the relevant accounts have been permanently sealed.

Prior to Zhang Xia, Shangguan Zhengyi had contacted other sellers in the "Dreams of Dream" group.

In November last year, Xiaoping (pseudonym), a woman in the group, posted information about child trafficking online. The sign in front of her name was "D", and she was nine months pregnant.

Shangguan Zhengyi had talked to her several times. On November 30, the woman suddenly sent a message that the child was born in Huangmei County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and was a girl. She also revealed that a buyer in Jiangsu is rushing to meet Huang Mei.

Shangguan Zhengyi immediately rushed to Huangmei County, when he found Xiaoping, he was still a step late. She gave birth to twins. At that time, one of the children had been picked up by the buyer and gave Xiaoping 20,000 yuan. The other child also contacted the buyer.

Xiaoping's mother said that her daughter is only 20 years old this year. She accidentally became pregnant while working in Zhejiang and was unable to raise two children, so she sold it to others and hoped to give her a complete home. "She hasn't gotten married yet, our faces are all gone." Xiaoping's relatives said.

The local police station immediately intervened in the investigation, "We will monitor the children who have not yet shot, and track the children who have been sold." The police said that they contacted the local government agency and welfare agency in Xiaoping ’s hometown. The woman rescued.

"Girls themselves are victims. What can they do if we don't intervene? They can only sell their children and send themselves to crime." Shangguan Zhengyi told the Beijing News reporter.

Shangguan Zhengyi said that a few days ago, he was in another group of "Dream of Dreams" group was disbanded by the group owner, "But the group did not disband, they just changed the 'vest' and rebuilt the group for trading."

"Walking between legal and illegal adoption"

"Many people do not know that it is illegal to sell their own children." Shangguan Zhengyi told the Beijing News reporter. Zhang Xia also argued with the Beijing News reporter that she was not buying and selling, but fostering, and did not know it would be illegal.

Yuan Ningning, an associate professor at the School of Law of China University of Political Science and Law, believes that in the process of trading children, regardless of the reason why the child's parents charged the corresponding fees, the legal characterization is for profit-making purposes, and there is a possibility of suspected human trafficking. And for the adoption family, it may constitute the crime of buying children, and it is also a crime.

"Even if the child's parents do not receive any remuneration and give the child to others completely free of charge, it may be illegal." Yuan Ningning explained that because the parents themselves are the children's guardians, legally speaking, parents cannot give up guardianship and guardianship Duties. Sending the child in private is tantamount to giving up guardianship in disguise, which is illegal and may constitute abandonment.

"The boundary between legality and illegality in fostering behavior lies in: first, whether the adopter meets the main conditions stipulated by law; second, whether the statutory procedures for adoption, the adoption registration procedure, have been performed." International Education College, Fujian Jiangxia University Professor Wu Guoping explained that in China, the adoption of children is a civil legal act, which must meet the conditions and procedures prescribed by the law in order to be recognized and protected by national laws.

Wu Guoping pointed out that there are still defects in China's adoption registration. "China's" Adoption Law "and relevant regulations regard the adoption registration as deemed to be an adoption relationship, and do not recognize illegal adoption and factual adoption. However, there is a lack of corresponding provisions on how to conduct substantive examination of registration authorities and how to deal with illegal adoption, It makes the law lack perfect supervision and restriction means for illegal adoption. "

"The network organizations and laws engaged in adoption and adoption are playing the game, collecting money under the banner of" nutrition fee "and" thank you fee ", walking between legal and illegal adoption, exposing the adoption of children in system construction and policies There are deficiencies in the environment and practical operation. "Zhao Chuanfang, a lecturer at the Social Work Research Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, mentioned in the article" On the Problems and Countermeasures in Child Adoption ".

Therefore, in the future legislation, how to consolidate the guardianship responsibility of parents will be considered. "In the future, we will consider increasing the responsibility of parents and making it clear that this is their duty and legal obligation. If there are indeed difficulties or other problems in the process of performing their duties, we can seek the help of the government and the civil affairs department. If we accept the help, we will still intentionally Abandoning or maliciously failing to perform guardianship duties may constitute a crime. In the future, this responsibility will be re-implemented. "Yuan Ningning said.

After that meeting, Zhang Xia sent a message to Shangguan Zhengyi. She said that she had never thought of doing something illegal, and promised that she would not treat the child in this way in the future. Shangguan Zhengyi told the Beijing News reporter that later Zhang Xia did not divorce and was preparing to give birth to the children to raise themselves.

How can we ensure that Zhang Xia no longer sell their children? Shangguan justice bluntly said that he could not guarantee to track every child to adulthood. Sometimes in order to allow the mother to start a new life, he will not even actively follow up. "When they see me, they think of things that they were going to sell their children." But when they met parents who were firm and determined to sell their children, he could only immediately reflect the clues to the public security organ. "All I can do is Let them realize that buying and selling children is illegal, not even their own children. This is a serious matter. "

In 2014, Shangguan Zhengyi met a maternal Zhang Hong (pseudonym) in Jinan, Shandong. Her child was just born and her husband ran away. When Shangguan Zhengyi contacted her, she had met with several buyers to discuss the conditions. At that time, Shangguan Justice disguised as a buyer and secretly disturbed the business.

But two years later, Zhang Hong found him again, hoping to sell him a child who was almost three years old. Shangguan Zhengyi asked her to meet and showed her volunteer status. "After she listened, she was very excited and shouted that she was deceived." Shangguan Zhengyi still remembers the scene at that time, "I advised her to slowly give her reason and law." Zhang Hong told him that the more she wanted Echigo was afraid that if she met a trafficker at the time, she might not be able to find her child in her life.

This is the first case of Shangguan justice dissuading success. Since then, Zhang Hong and he have become friends. "Later, there will be children who are sick and want to take medicine. She will ask me for advice." Shangguan Zhengyi said.

Beijing News reporter Wang Chong Pengcheng intern Zhang Yifan

Editor Chen Xiaoshu proofreading Li Shihui