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As usual at the summits of the UN climate, the Madrid event reaches its penultimate day with a race against the clock to achieve a satisfactory consensus on Friday - when in theory the COP25 ends - and advance in the points that are They had set as main objectives.

Carolina Schmidt, president of COP25 and Minister of Environment of Chile, intends to have a document ready in time for the summit to end on Friday afternoon, although it is not ruled out that in the absence of an agreement it can be extended until Saturday, according to Sources of the negotiations.

Among the main objectives of COP25 is the development of the already famous and controversial Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which should regulate carbon markets, that is, the one that allows countries and companies to buy emission credits when they fail to meet Your reduction goals. However, sources of the negotiation indicated that countries such as Brazil, China and India are impeding an agreement when trying to drag the credits generated in the Kyoto protocol to the Paris Agreement from 2020.

On the other hand, work is being done so that countries commit to greater reductions in greenhouse gas emissions once scientists have shown that what was agreed in Paris in 2015 is clearly insufficient to get the temperature rise to stay below two degrees with respect to the beginning of the industrial era.

They are the last hours of a climate summit in which, according to the Minister for Ecological Transition, Teresa Ribera, " it is showing that the action, ambition has to happen everywhere , outside and inside these walls," he said to journalists this Thursday after the plenary in which the so-called facilitators - a figure to boost the negotiations - have updated the rest of the parties and the president of the summit on the progress of the talks. Teresa Ribera is one of those facilitators who will also be responsible for channeling the final decision.

The minister has admitted that in the talks there is "tension" between "who go faster and who wants to hide in what until now has been insufficient to not move forward." This, he added, "explains why many of the negotiating groups are still in that standby ."

Ribera avoided pointing out to the countries that are obstructing the negotiations although he pointed out that in public plenaries there are very clear expressions of the positions of each one and said that there are leaders who are not aware "or who announce that they are leaving the Paris Agreement".

Three days with little progress

Although on Tuesday - when prime ministers and high-level representatives arrived in Madrid to relaunch the negotiating process - Bhutan, Germany, Grenada, Sweden, the Marshall Islands and Spain showed their frustration at the slow progress, during the day of the Wednesday there were no major advances. The leaders who intervened in the different sessions once again called for the Madrid Summit not to fail.

Starting with Greta Thunberg, who in his speech to the UN on Wednesday said bluntly that nothing had been achieved, to the United Nations Secretary General, António Guterres, who said that in the fight against climate change there are "too many bureaucratic obstacles and Regulatory "countries, among which" perverse subsidies for fossil fuels. "

For his part, Teresa Ribera has expressed concern that some countries question the scientific results: "The call of science is extremely clear. We must multiply the efforts to reduce emissions. The useful time we have to avoid climate change catastrophic is limited to the next 10 years, "he recalled. "The United Nations program for the environment indicates that the ideal is to reduce around 7% annually accumulated every year for the next 10 years. The plan of Spain, which is among the most ambitious, aims to reduce our emissions by one third just ten years and would be below that reference. You have to accelerate the pace. "

Despite the obstacles, Teresa Ribera has celebrated that during the COP25 they have joined the efforts in the fight against climate change actors such as "the big investment funds or the great CEOs of the energy companies or the agri-food sector, who understand that it will be very difficult to be able to develop their business lines if they do not profoundly transform the ways of producing. "

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