17 departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly launched 25 specific measures-
All-round relief to support the development of SMEs (policy interpretation)
By keeping small and medium-sized enterprises, the source of our country's economy will be preserved.
In order to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, 17 departments have issued opinions and put forward 25 specific measures in seven aspects, including the basic system to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the fiscal and taxation support system, and the financing promotion system.
With the effective implementation of the policies, the economic performance of small and medium-sized enterprises has continued to improve, production efficiency indicators have gradually improved, and corporate confidence has gradually recovered and strengthened.
Among the 120 million market players in China, there are more than 30 million small and medium-sized enterprises and more than 80 million individual industrial and commercial households.
The key to "guaranteeing market entities" in the "six guarantees" task is to ensure the survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises. If small and medium-sized enterprises are maintained, employment will be stabilized and the source of my country's economy will be preserved.
Since the beginning of this year, the new crown pneumonia epidemic has brought a serious impact on the survival and development of SMEs.
How to relieve the difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises and help them accumulate energy for development?
Not long ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and 17 departments including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Several Opinions on Improving the System for Supporting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), and put forward 25 specific measures in 7 areas.
What benefits have been released by the opinions, and how has the policy been implemented over time?
The reporter interviewed relevant officials, experts and enterprises of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Aiming at difficulties, pain points and blocking points, for the first time to promote the development of SMEs from the system design level
In the past two years, especially this year, my country has successively introduced a series of policies and measures to promote the development of SMEs.
What are the differences in the opinions issued this time?
For the first time, the opinions are designed to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is a summary and improvement of the long-term promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises in various regions and departments.
In the opinion of the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, to strengthen the establishment of a system to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the system is a major issue for fundamental and long-term management. With a good institutional system as a guarantee, the development of the enterprise has the fundamental support.
Affected by the epidemic, some basic and institutional problems in the development of SMEs have become prominent.
Zhang Jingqiang, executive chairman of the China Association of Small and Medium Enterprises, said that the number of small and medium-sized enterprises is large and wide, and there are common problems such as poor anti-risk ability, difficult statistical monitoring, lack of collateral, and poor credit construction that lead to financing difficulties.
Liu Xingbo, deputy director of the Industrial Economic Research Center of the China Federation of Industrial Economics, believes that SMEs have the widest distribution and the most complicated competition and survival situation in the entire national economic industrial chain system. At the same time, since most of them do not occupy the top or upstream locations, they must be consistent. Existing disadvantages such as financing, talent, and innovation are often in the high-risk area of the market.
In response to these issues, the opinions put system design in the first place, and proposed countermeasures from 7 aspects including basic systems supporting the development of SMEs, fiscal and taxation support systems, financing promotion systems, innovative development systems, legal rights protection systems, and organizational leadership systems. .
The relevant person in charge of the SME Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology believes that there are three main characteristics:
Pay attention to policy convergence.
Integrate with the "Law on the Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises", "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Small and Medium Enterprises" and a series of phased preferential enterprise assistance policies such as fiscal, taxation, finance, and social security introduced since the epidemic prevention and control, forming a multi-level policy combining long and short system.
Clear problem orientation.
Focusing on the difficulties, pain points and blocking points in the development of SMEs and related work, the emphasis is on improving various systems to support the development of SMEs, perfecting basic work, and forming a normal and long-term mechanism.
Pay attention to system innovation.
Give more prominence to support for SME innovation, and increase support for improving SME management, intellectual property protection, and international exchanges and cooperation.
In order to better help them cope with various force majeure events, innovatively proposed to establish and improve the emergency rescue and relief mechanism for small and medium-sized enterprises to help small and medium-sized enterprises cope with force majeure events such as natural disasters, accidents, public health incidents and social security incidents.
Increase support in statistical monitoring, government procurement, financing and credit
The opinions provide comprehensive support for promoting the development of SMEs.
Many of the system designs are specific to the implementation level.
Zhang Jingqiang said that there are several points worth paying attention to.
First, improve the SME statistical monitoring and release system, regularly release SME statistics, and study the compilation of SME development indexes.
"From experience, the development status of small and medium-sized enterprises has become a barometer and indicator of economic operations." Zhang Jingqiang said that the number of small and medium-sized enterprises is large and wide, and statistical monitoring is difficult, but relevant conditions must be grasped for regulation and decision-making.
At present, the third-party assessment of the environment for promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises has been carried out nationwide, and has been publicly released to the public to realize the promotion of excellence and reform through evaluation, and to continuously optimize the development environment of small and medium-sized enterprises.
It is worth noting that the opinions specifically propose to strengthen the policy mechanism for government procurement to support SMEs and increase the share of SMEs in government procurement.
"In fact, the "Law on the Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises" stipulates that relevant state departments should formulate relevant preferential policies for SME government procurement. The Ministry of Finance also issued relevant measures in 2011 to stipulate the preparation of government procurement plans and formulate specific procurement from SMEs. The plan specifically proposes that more than 30% of the total budget of the department’s annual government procurement projects should be reserved for procurement by small and medium-sized enterprises." Zhang Jingqiang said that at present, increasing government procurement will become a source of special orders for small and medium-sized enterprises, helping enterprises to survive. Difficulty.
In addition, in response to the financing difficulties commonly reported by many small and medium-sized enterprises, the opinions pointed out that the financial differentiated supervision and incentive mechanism for small and micro enterprises should be strengthened, and for the first time, they specifically proposed guiding banking financial institutions to explore the establishment of a negative list system for credit due diligence.
Zhang Jingqiang explained that the financing difficulties of SMEs are closely related to the existing bank's implementation of a lifetime accountability system for loan approval.
Once a company has bad debts, the relevant dealers will be held accountable, which to a large extent dissipates the enthusiasm of banks to lend to SMEs.
"The negative list is to draw the red line of illegal loans, and it is determined that the credit practitioners are exempted from fulfilling the requirements, which will greatly increase the willingness to lend to SMEs."
The next step should be to strengthen tracking and supervision to get through the last mile of the policy implementation
It should be noted that with the implementation of the policy, the production and operation difficulties of enterprises caused by the impact of the epidemic have been effectively alleviated.
Since the second quarter, the economic performance of small and medium-sized enterprises has continued to improve, the production efficiency indicators have gradually improved, and corporate confidence has gradually recovered and strengthened.
Data show that in October, the SME Development Index reached 87.0, an increase of 0.1 point from the previous month, and remained flat or increased for 4 consecutive months. It has now risen to the highest point since February this year.
Specifically, fiscal, taxation and financing policies help companies to relieve their development.
As of the end of September, the balance of inclusive small and micro loans reached 14.6 trillion yuan, a significant year-on-year increase of 29.6%.
The proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises that reflect tight liquidity has declined for 7 consecutive months, and the profit margin of operating income has rebounded significantly.
Industry guidance policies help enterprises to innovate and develop.
From a national perspective, at present, more than 20,000 “specialized, specialized, innovative” SMEs have been cultivated and recognized at the provincial level, and the professionalization capabilities of SMEs have been continuously improved.
The interviewed experts generally believe that this opinion is the broadest, most powerful, and most tangible relief measure to fully support the important market entity of small and medium-sized enterprises.
In the long run, it will also have significant effects on the sustainable development of SMEs.
In the next step, how can we ensure the implementation of the policy so that the policy dividend can better benefit SMEs?
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology stated that the opinions involve multiple departments, and the next step will be to actively strengthen the linkage with relevant departments, strengthen tracking and supervision, and form a joint force to promote the development of SMEs.
The responsibility system is a powerful guarantee to ensure the landing.
The opinions require that local governments at or above the county level must establish and improve a leading group to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, meet regularly, and establish an internal responsibility system for each member unit to strengthen work implementation.
"Whether the macro policy can be implemented and effective depends to a large extent on the implementation of policy support and guidance for various market entities at the micro level." said Yu Jing, director of the Enterprise System Office of the Institute of Industrial Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
"Some small and micro enterprises with good policies are not aware of or are not in time." Some small and medium enterprises said that they expect relevant departments to come to their door to announce favorable policies in time and open up the "last mile" of policy implementation.
The relevant person in charge of the Bureau of Small and Medium Enterprises of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology stated that the next step will be to combine opinions and the policies that have been introduced to help companies to relieve difficulties, further promote the reduction of financing costs for SMEs, promote the development of large and small enterprises, support SMEs to expand international markets, and help small and medium enterprises Enterprises have overcome difficulties and achieved stable and healthy development.
Reporter Han Xin