The high-quality development of machine-made sand needs to be speeded up
Ensuring the stability of the gravel market and promoting the stable operation of the economy
□ Reporter Du Xiao
□ Huang Yumin, an intern in this newspaper
On March 27, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy and Orderly Development of the Sand and Stone Industry" 》).
The relevant person in charge of the Development and Reform Commission said that sand and gravel are the most basic and indispensable building materials in engineering construction. Construction sand is divided into natural sand and machine-made sand. After years of large-scale mining, natural sand and gravel resources have gradually decreased, and some places have insufficient understanding of the importance of sand and gravel. The industry ’s remediation work is simple and extensive, and the relationship between “blocking the back door” and “opening the front door” has not been well planned. The number of enterprises has decreased significantly, resulting in a short-term regional supply shortage and a sharp increase in prices. At present, with the improvement of the epidemic prevention and control situation, engineering projects are gradually resuming work in an orderly manner. At this time, the "Guiding Opinions" were formulated and deployed in a timely manner to ensure that the supply and prices of the gravel market are basically stable, which is of great practical significance for the promotion of infrastructure investment and the stable operation of the economy.
Mechanized gravel production
Industrial upgrading is imperative
The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said that China's aggregate consumption has been increasing year by year. In the past, natural sandstone was mainly used, mainly from mountains and rivers. With the exhaustion of natural sandstone resources, the increase in ecological protection requirements, and the continuous increase in demand for construction projects, machine-made sandstone gradually replaced natural sandstone to make up for market demand. It has accounted for about 70% of construction sand.
On November 4, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has issued the "Several Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Sand and Stone Industry" (hereinafter referred to as "Several Opinions") of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Natural Resources, and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. .
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that in recent years, the production of machine-made sand and gravel has been rapidly transformed into a large-scale intensive mechanized and automated factory from simple and scattered artificial or semi-mechanical workshops. The industry has made great progress, but still faces three Problem: First, weak quality assurance capabilities, second, unreasonable industrial structure, and third, low level of green development.
The "Guiding Opinions" emphasize that it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of the "Several Opinions", further strengthen the management and guidance of the mechanism sand industry, and strengthen the linkage from the aspects of planning and layout, process equipment, product quality, pollution prevention, comprehensive utilization, and safe production, and accelerate Promote the transformation and upgrading of the mechanism sand industry to better meet the needs of construction sand.
In order to understand the current status of the development of the sand and gravel industry, reporters from the Legal Daily, in the name of consulting, joined a number of sand and gravel information exchange chat groups and learned that most of the trading subjects of mechanism sand and gravel are family workshop-style enterprises or For individual industrial and commercial households, the concentration of machine-made sandstone industry still needs to be improved. For example, the relevant enterprises in a certain place generally show the characteristics of small scale and backward production technology, which lead to environmental problems and hidden safety hazards such as noise, dust and wastewater pollution in the production process.
Relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said that the promotion of sand and gravel medium- and long-distance transportation "return to railway and water to water" will reduce road transportation, increase railway transportation, improve the construction of water transportation network and port collection and distribution system, and strengthen the Effective connection.
It is understood that a large number of gravel aggregate transactions reached in the chat group mainly rely on road transportation. Heavy-duty trucks that transport sand and gravel generally choose diesel as the fuel, which increases the serious gas pollution.
According to data released by the National Energy Information Platform, the current gravel road freight turnover accounts for about 20% of the national road freight turnover, and nitrogen oxide emissions are nearly 800,000 tons, accounting for about 14% of the country's motor vehicle emissions.
There are also some port-laden areas, such as Fuqing, Fujian, Nanning, Guangxi, Huludao, Liaoning, and Qingdao, Shandong, which require water transportation in particular. But in terms of group chat records, there is very little support for rail transport.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology interpreted the "Several Opinions" that China's sand and gravel industry has a low level of green development. Tens of billions of tons of construction waste, tailings and waste rock are generated in China every year. If these large-scale solid wastes are used to produce sand and gravel aggregates, it will reduce the consumption of mine resources by machine-made sand and gravel, and realize the recycling of large-scale solid waste. Use to reduce landfills, environmental and safety hazards and other issues.
However, there are some problems in the processing and production of tailings sand. On March 28, Yichun Luming Mining Co., Ltd. had a tailings sand leakage accident, which caused pollution of the Yijimi River and threatened the quality of the downstream Hulan River water environment. After the Heilongjiang Provincial Government initiated the second-level emergency response to environmental accidents in Yiming Luming Mining, under the on-site guidance of the Emergency Guidance Team of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the “Pollution Control Project” implemented on the Yijimi River was implemented on the Hulan River The “pollutant cleaning project” adopted flocculation and sedimentation methods to effectively reduce pollutants in river water. The monitoring data shows that the concentration of pollutants in the Yijimi River has dropped significantly, and the peak pollution in the Hulan River has gradually decayed as the sewage sludge moved downstream.
The "Guiding Opinions" propose that, on the premise of meeting safety, ecological and environmental protection requirements, encourage and support the comprehensive utilization of waste rock, slag and tailings and other gravel resources to achieve "turning waste into treasure".
In an interview with the Legal Daily, a manager of a concrete company in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, said: "In the eyes of some small business operators nearby, the value of tailings sand utilization is far less than that of river sand and newly developed mines, because they have not yet See the market investment space and potential of tailings. "
Illegal mining of natural sand and gravel
Destroy the landscape and pollute the environment
River gravel is an important source to guarantee the supply of gravel. According to the relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission, according to the actual situation of river sand resources and the management and protection of rivers and lakes, the "Guiding Opinions" propose to adhere to the combination of sparse and blocking, both blocking the back door and opening the front door. While combating illegal sand mining, vigorously Promote the scientific, reasonable and orderly development and utilization of river sand resources to ease the contradiction between supply and demand in the sand and stone market. "One is to accelerate the preparation of sand mining plans for river courses, the second is to implement unified mining management, the third is to increase the use of dredged sand in river channels, and the fourth is to standardize and optimize permit management."
"Unreasonable sand mining in rivers will destroy aquatic habitats and breeding environments, cause water pollution in nearby waters, destroy water surface landscapes, and may even affect the flood control function of river embankments and the safety of river-related structures. After the sand mining behavior ends, The recovery of the water ecosystem is also very slow, "said Professor Wang Canfa, director of the Environmental Law Research Base of China University of Political Science and Law.
It is understood that as early as 2014, Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake have become "severe disaster areas" for sandstone excavation in the Yangtze River. Among them, the number of sand mining ships in Poyang Lake was once as high as 450, and the amount of sand mining in one year even reached the amount of sand sedimentation in Poyang Lake for 20 years.
The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said that in recent times, due to geographical and cost factors, the purification of sea sand has become an important source of construction sand in some coastal areas. However, the high content of chloride ion in sea sand, direct use will bring hidden dangers to the safety of the main structure of the construction project. It must be strictly purified to ensure that the chloride ion content meets the requirements of the standard specifications before it can be used in construction projects.
"In recent years, illegal theft of sea sand has also increased. Over-exploitation of sea sand has severely damaged the habitat of some marine life, and the number has declined sharply. It may even cause the problem of seawater backflushing in coastal areas." Wang Canfa said, "Illegal The mechanism of sand and gravel collection also has a negative effect on ecological protection. "
In 2017, according to the relevant person in charge of the Central Sixth Environmental Protection Supervision Group, according to the analysis of satellite remote sensing monitoring data in 2016, more than 60% of the more than 270 mining sites in Qinling, Shaanxi had illegal and illegal problems, and the area of ecological damage Reached over 3500 hectares.
Wang Canfa believes that in addition to seriously affecting the natural landscape and damaging the important ecological functions of mountains, resource collection activities such as rock bursting in the mountains may further aggravate soil erosion.
In an interview with the media, Xing Changcheng, deputy director of the Second Inspector's Office of the Central Ecological Environmental Protection Inspector Office, said that an important direction of the "Guiding Opinions" is to strengthen the ecological protection of the sand and gravel industry and firmly "open the front door and block the back door". The healthy and orderly development of the sand and gravel industry is not extensive and disorderly development, but to make overall use of resources and ecological protection to achieve economic, environmental and social benefits.
Classification for precise regulation
Encourage enterprises to upgrade
According to the relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission, in recent years, the contradiction between the supply and demand of construction sand has been prominent, the price has risen rapidly, and the illegal sand mining in some local riverways has been prominent, and the harm is very serious. In the past two years, the media has also exposed some cases of illegal sand mining, which has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. In this regard, the "Guiding Opinions" proposed to strengthen the comprehensive management of illegal sand mining, and comprehensively curb the chaotic phenomenon of illegal sand mining in rivers. Specific measures include:
To compact the main body's responsibilities, it is necessary to publish the list of four persons responsible for sand mining management including river chief, administrative department, on-site supervision department and administrative law enforcement department; highlight the key points, carry out special rectification of illegal sand mining, implement ledger management, and find one And strike together, effectively maintain the order of sand mining and ensure the safety of the river channel; insist on the combination of cleaning up and reorganization and the establishment of rules and regulations, establish a rapid investigation and punishment mechanism for illegal sand mining problems "inspection, recognition, modification and punishment", strengthen department cooperation and joint law enforcement crackdown And other systems to promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism for river sand mining management.
Regarding some problems in the current development of the sand and gravel industry, Yang Jianshun, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, told the Legal Daily reporter that this is mainly due to the fact that the sand mining permit system set by relevant laws and regulations has not been well implemented, and the demand for sand and gravel is greater than the supply. In the context of this, the phenomenon of illegal sand mining and digging caused by high profits continues to appear.
“In the face of various types of sand and gravel illegal mining activities, relevant departments often do not adopt a strategy of classified response and precise regulation. Usually, a group of stone and sand mining enterprises will be shut down intensively on the grounds of protecting the ecological environment. The so-called 'one size fits all' shutdown behavior has affected the healthy and sustainable development of the sand and gravel industry. "Yang Jianshun said.
The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission stated that he firmly opposes the "one size fits all" behavior of environmental protection. For the "one size fits all" behavior of shutting down the quarrying and sand mining enterprises indiscriminately and indiscriminately on the grounds of ecological and environmental protection, they will not be appeased if they are found together.
"It should be emphasized and confirmed that the sand and gravel resources belong to the state, and the sand and gravel mining and excavation is subject to a licensing system. Any sand mining unit and individual must apply for a sand mining license or even a mining license in advance. Strengthen the support and guide the local authorities to continue the registration according to law and promote their normal production as soon as possible, and encourage the upgrading of factories and mines that have not yet met the relevant requirements, improve the necessary facilities and equipment, and meet the requirements. Resume production as soon as possible. "Yang Jianshun said.
Yang Jianshun believes that it is necessary to seriously implement the "Guiding Opinions" to ensure the reasonable development and utilization of sand and gravel resources, further strengthen industry guidance, accelerate the preparation of sand mining and sand planning, and clean up unreasonable prohibited areas and periods as soon as possible, making adjustments unrealistic The one-sided expansion of the prohibited mining area should correct the “one size fits all” approach that has no legal basis to implement long-term year-round mining prohibition, and reasonably determine the mining area, mining period and quantity.
Chen Hong, general manager of Ganchang Sandstone Co., Ltd. in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, believes that unified operation and management will be the theme of sand mining in the future. When planning, one is to conduct unified planning based on actual needs and actual operability. It is necessary to reasonably adopt the opinions put forward by the sand mining owners according to the actual situation, and the third is to fully consider the impact of river sand mining on the local river channel and the environment. During approval, the approval process should be simplified, the approval department should be unified, and the approval should be accelerated.
Wang Canfa believes that in addition to strengthening the crackdown on illegal and illegal sand mining, it is also necessary to actively promote the substitution and utilization of sand sources. The state needs to increase policy support to encourage and support sand and gravel companies to actively use waste rock, slag and tailings and other sand and gravel resources to achieve "turning waste into treasure".