Morel becomes "golden tincture"
Heterogeneous "bacteria" emergence of industrial poverty alleviation on the plateau
Morel, also known as grass bamboo, is a precious edible fungus and medicinal fungus. It is named "King of Fungus" because of its uneven surface and shape like a tripe. At present, the total production of morel cultivated in China accounts for more than 99% of the world's total. The products are mainly sold domestically and some are exported to Europe and the United States. Photo courtesy
"Mister Sprinkle, the ground in the greenhouse is moldy and covered with a thick layer of hoarfrost. What is going on?"
"This is a good phenomenon. The whiter and thicker the frost, it proves that the mycelium grows well in the soil. Pay attention to the insulation in the shed. Do not apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides. I will come!"
At 13:00 on March 19th, the head of the edible fungus team of Qinghai University, the deputy dean of the New Rural Development Research Institute of Qinghai University, and the special commissioner of science and technology of Qinghai Province received the morel plantlets of Morchella spp. After Xiquan called for help, he quit his job and drove from Xining to Haidong.
This road, in five years, Sawei counted how many times he walked.
From breeding to promotion, open up new heights for morel planting
"This is Morchella", in the demonstration base for popular science of Morchella cultivation in Xiyuan, Ping'an District, Qinghai City, looking in the direction of Sawei's fingers, the agricultural greenhouses with facilities are in sight, entering the greenhouse, and rows of sheep Mushrooms appeared to break through the earth with a small brown umbrella.
"Eat every year, the eighties are still full of mountains." This is a folk saying that says morel mushrooms.
Morel, also known as edible bamboo grass, is a precious edible fungus and medicinal fungus. It is named because of its uneven surface and shape like a tripe, and is known as the "King of Fungi" and is the world's most One of the four famous edible fungi. At present, the total production of morel cultivated in China accounts for more than 99% of the world's total. The products are mainly sold domestically and some are exported to Europe and the United States.
Sa Wei told reporters that Qinghai is one of the wild Morchella distribution areas, with a cold climate, which is very suitable for planting Morchella, and it has high planting efficiency, it is quick and easy to get rid of poverty, and the cultivation method is simple and easy to learn. The development of high value-added edible fungus projects represented by morel is of great significance to the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, the development of circular agriculture, the improvement of comprehensive agricultural benefits in Qinghai Province, and the promotion of poverty alleviation.
To this end, from 2015, Sa Wei led a young doctoral team consisting of Liang Jian, Shang Qianhan, Wang Le, Yin Wei, Yin Hengxia, and Wang Yuwei to engage in research on high-yield cultivation techniques for morel plateau facilities.
Liang Jian, the director of the Office of the State Key Laboratory of Qinghai University and a special science and technology commissioner of Qinghai Province, introduced that five years ago, the team collected wild Morchella fruit bodies from the Ma Kehe Forest District, Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province, and other places. Purification of morel mother stock. In order to further domesticate and cultivate cultivars suitable for the region, the project team uses modern mutagenesis breeding techniques, including atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma, to perform mutagenesis, screening and demonstration planting.
What the people of Qinghai did not expect was that the small mushrooms that once grew in the old forests of the mountains turned into a "golden cricket" for Qinghai farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.
The edible fungus industry has sprung up in Qinghai and has become a new industry for the masses to get rid of poverty and become rich. Under the organization of the Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology, a number of science and technology commissioners went to the field and carried the banner of industrial poverty alleviation.
As for the morel industry in Qinghai, which spreads the morel cultivation technology, it is also known by the folks as "morel father".
Uninterrupted training and service "do not drop"
It is backed by the Yellow River, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. The climate environment of Morchella in Jianzha County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province is very good. On March 23, Liu Jing, head of the Qinghai Wenguan Edible Fungus Professional Cooperative, was observing the growth of mushrooms in a morel shed. "With the long-term technical support of our teacher and team, we have expanded the scale of morel mushrooms year by year. There were only 20 greenhouses five years ago, and there are more than 150 greenhouses this year." Liu Jing told reporters.
"Ms. Sa and Ms. Liang are here. Is this variety suitable for planting in cooperatives?" "The appearance looks good, I will take it back to the laboratory for experimental analysis ..." In the past few years, this kind of dialogue became more familiar to Liu Jing. but. Under the technical guidance of the Ph.D. team of the edible fungus team of Qinghai University, one problem after another was solved, and Liu Jing, the person in charge of the cooperative, also mastered the basic planting techniques in continuous learning. Today, morel mushrooms grown by the Qinghai Wenguan Edible Fungus Professional Cooperative have also entered high-end restaurants and supermarkets in the first-tier cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, and have won a good reputation for their thick meat and mellow taste, which is in short supply in China.
From the perspective of Morchella growers, the Sawei team is their technical "caring person". In addition to arranging on-site training and guidance, WeChat, telephone and other forms of communication and service methods make the training work uninterrupted and the service work "not Dropped. "
It is worth mentioning that in the process of learning and training and technical guidance, the team gives priority to the poor households, guarantees the opportunity for poor people to participate in training, receive on-site guidance and enjoy the benefits of labor services, and further improves the precision of poverty alleviation. In this way, not only has the income of poor households been widened, it has also motivated them to listen to technical explanations, and use hands-on techniques to solve problems on the spot. It not only obtains labor remuneration, but also enhances the participation of poor households in learning cultivation techniques, so that the project-based carrier's service work can further focus on and work out poverty alleviation.
In addition to teaching technology, he also works as a policy advocate.
Although mastering a skill, but the policy understanding is not in place, the ideology and concepts are not changed, and the future industry is not planned, farmers may face poverty again.
"How to let the farmers truly understand the policy and the policy of eating it through is a matter of local industry, but also of the vital interests of every farmer. By simply giving lessons to farmers to" passively accept ", they cannot really understand it. In the past few years dealing with farmers and technicians in the "three districts", Sawei and Liang Jian felt deeply about this.
To this end, Sa Wei, Liang Jian, and others acted as policy advocates. In the process of experiments and technology promotion demonstrations, they promoted the Party's policies and development concepts to Qinghai farmers in an easy-to-understand manner to change their policies. Production methods and concepts guide practitioners to establish a long-term view of development.
Teaching technology while demonstrating results and instilling policies. This is the easy-to-understand teaching method for special agents.
At the Ping'an Experimental Base of the Edible Fungus Scientific Research Team of Qinghai University, Sawei explained while demonstrating: "Look, a morel fertilizer in the shed is useless. Is it growing well? What is the word of mouth? Let's implement it in our province. In the short run, the output of pesticides and fertilizers may be reduced. However, in the long run, product quality will be improved and later value will be compensated. This is a matter of global ecological improvement and benefiting future generations. So Without chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the growth of Morchella has a good soil environment, and the national guidelines and policies are also good soil for our farmers to get rich and increase income, and a good soil environment can lead to a better production and life. "
This beneficial attempt by the team has made the farmers' acceptance very high, and "technology + policy" has also become the core promotion task of the Sawei team.
Today, the edible fungus team of Qinghai University has established a stable cooperative relationship with many enterprises in Qinghai, helping to solve problems in production, enhancing the ability to overcome technical difficulties, and promoting the scientific and high-value development of the morel industry in Qinghai. Help the industry to improve quality and efficiency, increase farmers' income and eliminate poverty.
Statistics show that compared with vegetable cultivation, morel planting in Qinghai Province saves two-thirds of the labor cost, the average yield per mu per season is 300 kg, and the gross profit is about 30,000 yuan.
Wang Jieyuan, Director of the Rural Science and Technology Division of the Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology, introduced that the edible fungus team of Qinghai University, with the support of the Provincial Department of Science and Technology, implemented the "Morchella plateau facility high-yield cultivation technology integration demonstration project". Demonstration and promotion projects whose main objectives are to improve the degree of technological maturity and to realize the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements are aimed at promoting the development of the edible fungus industry in the province, improving the support capacity for key agricultural industries, helping to overcome poverty, and consolidating the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.
Since the start of the service work, the team has carried out more than 10 technical guidance trainings such as "Overview of Cultivation Technology of Plateau Morchella", "Technical Conditions of Plateau Morchella Facility Cultivation", "Planting Technology of Plateau Morchella Facility Cultivation and Land Preparation", and etc. Scope of technical guidance and training more than 100 person-times.
For 5 years, Sawei and his team have set foot on all parts of the plateau. In his opinion, writing his thesis on the plateau land allows farmers' friends to benefit from his technology, which is the greatest intention of being a scientific researcher. Today, morel facility cultivation is becoming an effective way to increase income for farmers and edible fungi enterprises in Qinghai.